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Algorithm Information: RandomX

RandomX is Monero’s proof-of-work algorithm designed to maximize decentralization by making general-purpose CPUs the most efficient mining hardware, rather than specialized ASICs or GPUs. It integrates randomized program execution that mimics real-world CPU workloads, including integer and floating-point operations, branching logic, and complex memory access patterns, which significantly increases computational complexity and reduces the effectiveness of fixed-function hardware acceleration. The algorithm’s memory-hard architecture requires large datasets and unpredictable memory reads, raising the cost of developing specialized mining hardware and preventing industrial-scale centralization of hash power. This design ensures that individual miners using consumer-grade CPUs can competitively participate in securing the network, broadening accessibility and strengthening Monero’s decentralized security model. Unlike traditional hashing algorithms that rely on repetitive, easily optimized operations, RandomX continuously generates new execution programs, making optimization through ASICs economically impractical and increasing resistance to hardware monopolization. Monero’s consistent block time and tail emission reward structure complement RandomX by providing sustainable, long-term incentives for miners, ensuring continuous network security even after the primary coin issuance phase ends. By discouraging large centralized mining operations, RandomX aligns with Monero’s privacy-first philosophy, reducing the risk of regulatory capture, surveillance points, and coordinated network attacks. Its combination of randomized computation, memory-hard processing, and CPU optimization positions Monero as one of the most decentralized and resilient proof-of-work networks, offering strong security guarantees, fair mining access, and long-term sustainability for both miners and users.